Several years back, there was no governing protocol that was considered generic. The company who had the maximum of devices being thrown to the market did rule the scene. These leaded to the company's molopoly by which the backend clients suffered. This went for several years until IBM (International Business Machine)SNA (System Network Architect). showed itself launching a brand new concept of freedon
These too didn't go for many years since SNA was not scalable. All of sudden a new group was formed known as IEEE (Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers). This group added some brand new features into the existing SNA, to make it more robust (strong) and scalable. Now,this very existing technique is known as OSI (Open System Interconnect) layer.